Sun Shines

 

 

Sun Shines 

   Sun comes with morning 

The rays are spreading

Messenger of lightening

Shine upon all equally

Not poorly on poor

 Nor richly upon rich

 Also bring evening

By collecting rays and rest

Clytemnestra Ignored her Duties in Agamemnon by Aeschylus

Clytemnestra Ignored her Duties in Agamemnon by Aeschylus

Clytemnestra ignored her duties towards king, her children and of state as well. She took active part in conspiracy against King Agamemnon as well as of state and her children. In a patriarchic society she could feel proud being queen of present king and mother of the successor of the state.

On one hand she claimed that she took revenge of her daughter by killing the King Agamemnon while on the other hand she treated badly her other daughter Electra like a maid servant in palace and sent Orestes, her son, far from the state matters. Certainly she did all for the sake of her lover Aigisthos. She destroyed all for him. If she took revenge for her previous love then why she ignored her children from the sake of her new love.

She did not welcome her husband who has come as a conqueror, after a long war. King Agamemnon deserved a big celebration for his great success. Usually females used to support the king in political matters and in domestic matters .She ignored all her duties towards state, king and her children. Either she did so by her own will or in grip of new love strongly it changed the history of the state.  Her age was not for a blind love for which she was ready to ignore the duties imposed her by family, society and state.

 Usually masses love their king and have special attachment for him and also have expectations. Females feel pride and honor being wife of a king or mother of a king. Prince would be the successor of king Agamemnon. They are proud being the part of crown and who in power as they love authority.

   

    

Existentialism by Ernest hemingway

Existentialism by Ernest Hemingway  

                        Existentialism is human’s free choice of life with complete responsibility of deeds. Individual is independent and honest to himself as well as to humanity. He does adventure about what he wants to do. Ernest Hemingway represents existentialism through various characters in his novels.Essence of Ernest Hemingway’s novels is that man is to realize his purpose of life in world which is disordered. He believes that life should be lived fully and heroically. It is not necessary other people agree with him as they can be against of him even sometimes nature is working against as in old man and the sea, for whom the bell tolls and in other novels.

                     Robart Jordan in “for whom the bell tolls” takes responsibility to blow the bridge with his free will and not imposed by anyone. It is solely his own choice to be a part of that mission, more challenging than his teaching profession. Being honest to his duty and he does not retreat in critical situation but gives his life for the sake of humanity. Peter Messent describes, “Robert Jordan has freely chosen to place in this situation and is acting not for himself but with larger ends in mind for the future of human race.”While Nathan Brian argues, “Main theme for whom the bell tolls is existentialist and developed from Robert Jordan's search for meaning in life.”

 Robert Jordan’s early idealism is shaken and sometimes lost in the face of reality. He experiences new things during his mission to blow bridge as open nature on mountain and making love. He observes conspiracy and hypocrisy can be done by companions besides enemies. Despite of all bitter experiences he does not lose focus on his duty and responsibilty.

                     Jazzaloha finds existentialism also in El Sordo’s character ,“El Sordo’s end is very spiritual —a death that fulfils a life spent working on lofty goals. There is a lot of life in this novel about death. In the novel’s final moments a kind of peace being reached at the end that speaks to spirituality. It is to acceptance of death as it is; whatever it is. It is a natural part of our existence.”

 El Sordo is glad that is loyal to the Republic as he prefers the welfare of Republic.                       

                       Philosopher Marcus Aurelius explains same as one must “Wipe out imagination, check impulse, quench desire, keep the governing self in its own control.” He clarifies that head is where truth and freedom reside. Many people endure unimaginable conditions in concentration and attain mental freedom that cannot be taken away by force.Both Hemingway and Marcus Aurelius have similar veneration for nature and outdoor life. This intense love of all things, naturally, kneads their thinking and helps to shape them as moralists, not intellectuals, who believe man should behave according to natural order, not according to the whims of others or false doctrines.

                  Robert Jordan realizes that his affair with Maria was not just an ordinary experience but one which comes once in a life time. He lets Maria go with group and not endanger her or group people for his love. He is as honest to mission as to group.  He chooses to blow bridge with free will. He completes his purpose and ignores several things what comes in his way. He only focuses on his work and completes it with honor and gives life for the sake of his purpose. Being a man of action he prefers to face death instead being shooted cowardly that as distinguished quality of Hemingway’s novels.  Most of the characters of novel “to whom the bell tolls” work for Republicans. They have come here on the mountain with their free choice, with full responsibility, with complete devotion independently. They honor the high values with a commitment honestly.

                  Maria is working in favor of Republicans and it is her free choice whatever the reasons behind it. It is also her free choice to make love with Robert. She makes future plans to spend a life with Robert freely and willingly .She is not under any pressure upon her. She also opens her past and leaves it upon to his free choice whether he loves her or not. She tries to comfort him as she feels her responsibility being a co-worker on the mountain.

                                                One must choose one path and follow it wholeheartedly. To become honorable and dignified, a man has to show grace under pressure. These are the values that will lead to truth and freedom. Hemingway’s search for truth, power of work and self-discipline provide a coherent organizing theme to him .Hemingway believes that meaning of living truth can be instilled through discipline.This theme of understanding through suffering runs strongly through nearly all Hemingway’s novels, whether framed by war, starvation, harsh outdoor life, or the long lonely ride to death. Despite against the stone cold facts of life, Hemingway’s characters are not the typical troubled, introverted types we encounter in many existential novels.

                    His heroes do not wallow on misery of meaninglessness but try to impose meaning upon life. They are always engaged in something bigger and more important than themselves. Robert Jordan and the guerrillas blowing up a bridge; Frederic Henry escaping from the war to take his pregnant girlfriend to safety; Santiago battling with the fish etc .There is no place for pussy footing or losing one’s nerve in these situations. The hero must act, and according to values. Hemingway constructs testing situations for his heroes and those around them. The hero must act with dignity, placing virtue above personal needs.

 Robert Jordan in For Whom the Bell Tolls resists in order to stay loyal to the cause. In the Old Man and the Sea, the old man talks to fish, birds, sea, and himself. He knows that all he must do is to keep the head clear because that is “all he has left” .This is the world infiltrating the fortress of his consciousness. But Santiago reminds himself “be calm and strong old man”. He knows he must remain so if he is not to be defeated. According to Hemingway it is the time for himself to give meaning to the purpose of his life. With fire in his belly Hemingway worked tirelessly, boldly trying to write a moral philosophy best to live. .

                    Freedom of choice, responsibility, accountability, devoted to oneself and humanity are common aspects of existentialism as well as of religion though existentialistic don’t believe in God apparently.

References

1-Nathan Brian Jones,The Social Development of Protagonists in Hemingway’s Novels . United States Code: 2009

2-L.A. Rowland, Hemingway and the Hero. Behavioral Dynamics Institute in London:2014

3-Monteath,Peter .The Spanish Civil war in Literature, Film and art. Greenwood Press. Westport ,1994

4-Jazzaloha . The Existentialism of Ernest Hemingway in for whom the bell tolls .

5-Peter Messent, Ernest Hemingway, Published 1992: The Macmillan Press Ltd: London. (PP.68)

 

 

Heights of sky

 

Height of Sky

Life is war and needs to fight

Ready for struggle will be right

Don’t wander aimlessly 

Self identity show you light

In the height of open sky

See and observe bird’s flight

Nature is spreading in front

Scenery and beauty of sites

Universality in Agamamnon by

 Helplessness in Agamemnon By Aeschylus

Key words: helplessness, cruelty, revenge, sense of superiority

King Agamemnon has come back to his state after a long period as was busy in Trojan War. He has come with the Trojan Princess who is silent and sad .She has not come by her own will but accepts king’s orders who was a conqueror.

She was gentle and pious lady and prophesies that soon she will be murdered as well as King Agamemnon soon after the entering of the palace. She represents people in the world having universality in it. Neither they are criminals nor sinners but they have to face what they don’t deserve at all. Queen want s to take revenge from king but Cassandra also  pays for it.

She tells the things to chores which are going to occur soon in the palace .The Chorus expresses a sense of foreboding and Clytemnestra comes outside with  a sense of superiority and order Cassandra come inside. She tells the Chorus that they will see their king dead, says that she will die as well, and then predicts that an avenger will come. After these bold predictions, she seems resigned to her fate, and enters the house. The Chorus' fears grow, and they hear Agamemnon cry out in pain from inside. As they debate what to do, the doors open, and Clytemnestra appears, standing over the corpses of her husband and Cassandra.

Birds Explores

Birds Explores

To find the heights

In the sky birds are flying

Spread feathers and are souring

Turn and turn edges they are Pleasing

 Being excited then they diving

Never tired or fed up

  But motivated by open sky

 In front to explore the sky

They fly more high